from gadget import gadget, undo_magic_name
from IPython.core.getipython import get_ipython
ipython = get_ipython()
ipython.register_magic_function(gadget, 'cell')

%%gadget -c hello.cpp

#include<cstdio>

void hello(){
    printf("hello.\n");
}

文件 hello.cpp 创建成功，内容已写入。

%%gadget -c main.cpp

#include<cstdio>

void hello();

int main(){
    hello();
    return 0;
}

文件 main.cpp 创建成功，内容已写入。

!g++ -c hello.cpp -o hello.o
!g++ -c main.cpp -o main.o
!g++ hello.o main.o -o a.out

!./a.out

hello.

• import head file for once

#pragma once

• submodule setting

add_subdirectory(*submodule_directory*)

• glm (math lib)

%%gadget -c glm_test.cpp

#include<glm/vec3.hpp>
#include<iostream>

inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, glm::vec3 const &v){
    return os << v.x << " " << v.y << " " << v.z;
}

int main(){
    glm::vec3 v(1, 2, 3);
    v += 1;
    std::cout << v << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

文件 glm_test.cpp 创建成功，内容已写入。

%%gadget -c glm_test_.cpp

#include<glm/vec3.hpp>
#include<iostream>

int main(){
    glm::vec3 v(1, 2, 3);
    v += 1;
    std::cout << v.x << " " << v.y << " " << v.z << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

文件 glm_test_.cpp 创建成功，内容已写入。

%%gadget -c CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
project(glm_test LANGUAGES CXX)
add_executable(a.out glm_test.cpp)
find_package(glm CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(a.out PRIVATE glm::glm)

文件 CMakeLists.txt 创建成功，内容已写入。

!git clone https://github.com//g-truc/glm.git

fatal: destination path 'glm' already exists and is not an empty directory.

!cmake -B build
!cmake --build build --target a.out
!build/a.out

-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /mnt/c/Users/Jeff/Desktop/cpp_course_from_scratch/build
gmake: Warning: File 'Makefile' has modification time 1.1 s in the future
gmake[1]: Warning: File 'CMakeFiles/Makefile2' has modification time 1.2 s in the future
gmake[2]: Warning: File 'CMakeFiles/Makefile2' has modification time 1 s in the future
gmake[3]: Warning: File 'CMakeFiles/a.out.dir/progress.make' has modification time 0.99 s in the future
Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target a.out
gmake[3]: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
gmake[3]: Warning: File 'CMakeFiles/a.out.dir/progress.make' has modification time 0.5 s in the future
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/a.out.dir/glm_test.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable a.out
gmake[3]: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
[100%] Built target a.out
gmake[2]: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
gmake[1]: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
gmake: warning:  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
2 3 4

!ls glm/glm

CMakeLists.txt	 fwd.hpp	integer.hpp  mat3x4.hpp   simd
common.hpp	 geometric.hpp	mat2x2.hpp   mat4x2.hpp   trigonometric.hpp
detail		 glm.cppm	mat2x3.hpp   mat4x3.hpp   vec2.hpp
exponential.hpp  glm.hpp	mat2x4.hpp   mat4x4.hpp   vec3.hpp
ext		 gtc		mat3x2.hpp   matrix.hpp   vec4.hpp
ext.hpp		 gtx		mat3x3.hpp   packing.hpp  vector_relational.hpp

!cmake .

-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /mnt/c/Users/Jeff/Desktop/cpp_course_from_scratch

!./a.out

hello.

• fmt (alternative for std::format)

!git clone https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt.git

fatal: destination path 'fmt' already exists and is not an empty directory.

%%gadget -c fmt_test.cpp

#include <fmt/core.h>

int main() {
  fmt::print("Hello, {}!\n", 42);
  return 0;
}

文件 fmt_test.cpp 创建成功，内容已写入。

%%gadget -c CMakeLists.txt

# 设置 CMake 最低版本要求
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

# 设置项目名称
project(FmtTestProject)

# 设置 C++ 标准
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)

# 查找 fmt 库
find_package(fmt REQUIRED)

# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(fmt_test fmt_test.cpp)

# 链接 fmt 库到可执行文件
target_link_libraries(fmt_test PRIVATE fmt::fmt)

文件 CMakeLists.txt 创建成功，内容已写入。

!cmake -B build
!cmake --build build --target fmt_test
!build/fmt_test

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 11.4.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /mnt/c/Users/Jeff/Desktop/cpp_course_from_scratch/build
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/fmt_test.dir/fmt_test.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable fmt_test
[100%] Built target fmt_test
Hello, 42!

• 可以通过 find_package 命令寻找系统中的包/库：
  find_package(fmt REQUIRED) target_link_libraries(myexec PUBLIC fmt::fmt)
• 为什么是 fmt::fmt 而不是简单的 fmt？
  现代 CMake 认为一个包 (package) 可以提供多个库，又称组件 (components)，比如 TBB 这个包，就包含了 tbb, tbbmalloc, tbbmalloc_proxy 这三个组件。 因此为避免冲突，每个包都享有一个独立的名字空间，以 :: 的分割（和 C++ 还挺像的）。
• 你可以指定要用哪几个组件：
  find_package(TBB REQUIRED COMPONENTS tbb tbbmalloc REQUIRED) target_link_libraries(myexec PUBLIC TBB::tbb TBB::tbbmalloc)